Research is a cyclical process. This is true for both laboratory research and research in the literature of your discipline.
Identification of a problem, including examination of the background knowledge that might help solve the problem
Formulation of a hypothesis
Design of a test or experiment of the hypothesis, which includes compatibility with existing knowledge and an empirical test
Observation of the experiment
Interpretation of the empirical test, including an evaluation of the hypothesis in light of the background knowledge and the new empirical evidence
Design of new tests if results are inconclusive OR acceptance, modification or rejection of the hypothesis if the tests are conclusive
The literature review is part of the process. The literature review is cyclical, too, because each relevant published study was built on earlier studies. As a researcher cycles through the research process, the topics become more defined, and the researcher identifies the focus of the research project.
* Students who have difficulty finding relevant books or articles on a topic may need assistance with defining the topic and selecting appropriate search terms. Librarians are available to assist students through the Research Consultation Service.
Sources:
Bolner, M. S. & Poirier, G. A. (2004). The research process. 3rd ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
Frost, R. (2001). Scientific method. In The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (2nd ed., Vol. 5.) Detroit: Gale Group.
Select a topic
Formulate a thesis
Prepare an outline
Find information
Evaluate resources
Take notes
Write the text of the paper
Document sources